(The following brings together themes from maybe half a dozen or more posts from the past two years or so, many associated with MTSP Zoom discussions of Thomas Scanlon’s *What We Owe to Each Other* and George Sher’s *Desert*. I do not claim consistency with prior posts. I hope this post constitutes progress in a kind of on-again off-again philosophical project. Interspersed Roman numerals indicate footnotes, text of which are below the main text.)
*****
I think this: it being appropriate for you to resent me for not telling you about the party constitutes my wronging you by not telling you about the party. (i, ii) Wrongings are different from moral wrongs. All wrongings are moral wrongs, but not all moral wrongs are wrongings. (iii) (Moral wrongs, on my telling, are actions that make observer-role indignation appropriate – and the main action that is like this is people wronging other people. Indignation is third-personal agent-directed anger, unlike resentment, which is second-personal agent-directed anger. (iv) )
So an action being a wronging (and likewise an action being morally wrong) is like a joke being funny or a person being admirable. For an item to have such a property is for it to have the (second-order) property of having some (first-order, probably descriptive) property or other that makes it appropriate to have some particular type of response in emotional attitude.
Coming from this framework, I want to ask and answer (at least schematically) two questions. First: what are the most general features of an action that make resentment appropriate (thereby constituting an action being a wronging)? Second: on this understanding of wrongings, why might we be required to refrain from wronging persons?
Continue reading →